Marks the author places on their own words — emphasis and the small typographic and semantic marks.
<abbr>category inline-formatting · eHTML <abbr> · JATS <abbrev> · content prose → <children>
| attribute | kind | values / default | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
title |
kwarg | The abbreviation’s expansion. |
Produced by: canonical <abbr>.
The <abbr title="Document Object Model" | DOM> is the browser API for HTML.
The DOM is the browser API for HTML.
Standard pattern — abbreviation with its expansion as the title kwarg. Browsers show the expansion in a hover tooltip.
Using <abbr | CSS> selectors.
Using CSS selectors.
Bare abbreviation, no title. Acceptable when the expansion has already been introduced earlier in the document.
<b>category inline-formatting · eHTML <b> · JATS <bold> · content prose → <children>
| attribute | kind | values / default | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
type |
kwarg | keyword product-name lead offset other |
Produced by: canonical <b>, markdown **…**.
The keyword <b type=keyword | recursion> is fundamental.
The keyword recursion is fundamental.
Use <b type=product-name | Acrobat> to read the file.
Use Acrobat to read the file.
<em>category inline-formatting · eHTML <em> · JATS <italic> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <em>.
This has *emphasized* content.
This has emphasized content.
Plain markdown with single asterisks (or single underscores) produces the visual <i>, not the semantic <em> — markdown emphasis maps to the visual tag. <em> is reached only by the explicit form.
<em | emphasized>
The explicit form is reached for when attributes are needed.
<em #key-term .highlighted | distinguishing feature>
<i>category inline-formatting · eHTML <i> · JATS <italic> · content prose → <children>
| attribute | kind | values / default | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
type |
kwarg | foreign taxonomic technical thought ship-name other |
Optional classification of the italic’s role. |
Produced by: canonical <i>, markdown *…* (or _…_).
The species is <i type=taxonomic | Loxodonta africana>.
The species is Loxodonta africana.
The French <i type=foreign | tour de force> is impressive.
The French tour de force is impressive.
The technical term <i type=technical | mitochondria> refers to organelles.
The technical term mitochondria refers to organelles.
<kbd>category inline-formatting · eHTML <kbd> · JATS <(no direct JATS counterpart; HTML-native)> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <kbd>.
Press <kbd | Ctrl+C> to copy.
Press Ctrl+C to copy.
Single chord as a kbd block. Browsers render <kbd> in a monospace font by default, distinguishing it from surrounding prose.
Press <kbd | <kbd | Ctrl>+<kbd | C>> to copy.
Press Ctrl+C to copy.
Nested <kbd> distinguishes individual keys in a chord. Browsers render the outer block as the chord and the inner blocks as individual keys, both monospace.
<output>category inline-formatting · eHTML <output> · JATS <(no direct JATS counterpart; HTML-native)> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <output>.
The function returns <output | 42> for the test input.
The function returns for the test input.
Result of a calculation in prose. <output> is semantically distinct from <samp> — <samp> is what a program prints (a display artifact); <output> is the result of a computation (a semantic value). Browsers render both similarly.
<s>category inline-formatting · eHTML <s> · JATS <strike> · content prose → <children>
| attribute | kind | values / default | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
type |
kwarg | outdated retracted deleted other |
Produced by: canonical <s>, markdown ~~…~~.
The price is ~~$50~~ now $40.
The price is ~~
GFM’s tilde syntax produces <s> elements. The most common authoring path for casual strikethrough.
The claim <s type=retracted | was unsupported> has been corrected.
The claim was unsupported has been corrected.
<samp>category inline-formatting · eHTML <samp> · JATS <(no direct JATS counterpart; HTML-native)> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <samp>.
The command prints <samp | Hello, world!> to stdout.
The command prints Hello, world! to stdout.
Sample output from a program. Browsers render <samp> in a monospace font by default, distinguishing it from surrounding prose.
Set <var | threshold> to <samp | 0.05>.
Set threshold to 0.05.
<samp> for the sample value paired with <var> for the variable name — the natural pair for documenting configuration in technical writing.
<strong>category inline-formatting · eHTML <strong> · JATS <bold> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <strong>.
This is **strongly emphasized** content.
This is strongly emphasized content.
Plain markdown with double asterisks (or double underscores) produces the visual <b>, not the semantic <strong> — markdown emphasis maps to the visual tag. <strong> is reached only by the explicit form.
<strong | important>
<strong #critical .warning | This is critical.>
<sub>category inline-formatting · eHTML <sub> · JATS <sub> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <sub>.
Water is H<sub | 2>O.
Water is H2O.
The vector x<sub | i> represents the i-th component.
The vector xi represents the i-th component.
<sup>category inline-formatting · eHTML <sup> · JATS <sup> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <sup>.
The 1<sup | st> edition of the work.
The 1st edition of the work.
The function f(x) = x<sup | 2>.
The function f(x) = x2.
The isotope <sup | 12>C is abundant.
The isotope 12C is abundant.
<term>category inline-formatting · eHTML <term> · JATS <named-content> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <term>.
An <term | eigenvector> is a non-zero vector that scales under a linear transformation.
An
Standard term introduction. The element marks the word as “this is a term being introduced,” typically rendered in italic or bold by default CSS.
An <term #term:eigenvector | eigenvector> is a non-zero vector that scales under a linear transformation. Later we generalize <term | eigenvector>s to operators.
An
First introduction carries an id so later references can link back to it. Subsequent uses of the same term (without an id) still mark it as a term being referenced, distinct from running prose, without re-asserting the introduction.
<u>category inline-formatting · eHTML <u> · JATS <underline> · content prose → <children>
| attribute | kind | values / default | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
type |
kwarg | misspelling proper-name editorial-correction other |
Produced by: canonical <u>.
The author wrote <u type=misspelling | recieve> in the original.
The author wrote recieve in the original.
The Chinese name <u type=proper-name | 王明> appears here.
The Chinese name 王明 appears here.
<var>category inline-formatting · eHTML <var> · JATS <(no direct JATS counterpart; HTML-native)> · content prose → <children>
No kwargs or boolean flags.
Produced by: canonical <var>.
The function takes a parameter <var | n> and returns <var | n>²+1.
The function takes a parameter n and returns n²+1.
Variable names in prose. Browsers render <var> in italic by default, distinguishing it from surrounding prose.
Set <var | threshold> to <samp | 0.05>.
Set threshold to 0.05.
<var> for the variable name and <samp> for a sample value — the natural pair for documenting configuration in technical writing.